9.
(a) (1) With respect to the hazardous areas of tankers, explain the term flameproof (Exd) for electrical equipment.(6)
(ii) State the type of electrical equipment that would be protected in this way.
(4)
(b) List likely defects of flameproof equipment.(6)
Reference Answer
### (a) (i) Flameproof (Exd) for Electrical Equipment Flameproof (Exd) is a type of explosion protection where the enclosure of electrical equipment is designed to withstand an internal explosion of a flammable gas or vapour that may enter it, without suffering damage and without communicating the internal flammation to the external flammable atmosphere through any joints or structural openings in the enclosure. **Core Principles of Exd Protection:** 1. **Containment:** The fundamental principle is not to prevent flammable gas from entering the enclosure, but to contain any explosion that occurs inside it. The enclosure is built with significant mechanical strength, typically from cast iron or aluminium alloy, to withstand the high pressures generated during an internal explosion without rupturing or being permanently deformed.
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