Class 1 (Chief Engineer)Engineering Management📅 Mar 2026
Exam Question
Q8
(a) Discuss the application of formal safety assessment in carriage of lithium battery in vehicles and containers and in RORO ships.
(8)
(b) State various measures to be taken by stakeholders in minimizing the incidents in the above instance.(8)
Reference Answer
### (a) Application of Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) in Carriage of Lithium Batteries Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) is a structured and systematic methodology, adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), aimed at enhancing maritime safety by using risk analysis and cost-benefit assessment. Its application to the carriage of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in vehicles (EVs) and containers, particularly on RORO ships, is critical due to the unique and severe risks involved. The process follows five distinct steps: **Step 1: Hazard Identification (HAZID)** This step involves identifying all potential hazards associated with the transport of Li-ion batteries. For EVs on RORO ships, the primary hazards are:
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