Exam Question

A report on the analysis of the main crosshead engine crankcase lubricating oil indicates the following contaminants or property changes. In EACH fo the following cases give reasons for the possible causes of the contamination or property change, explaining how the actual cause would be detected

(a) The presence of fresh water

(b) White metal fragments

(c) Reduced alkalinity reserve

(d) Reduced anit-oxidation reserve.