Exam Question

(a) According to Article 2 of the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) 2006, what are the essential elements that must be included in a Seafarers' Employment Agreement (SEA)? How does the SEA ensure the protection of seafarers' rights? (10)

(b) Explain how CBAs are used to negotiate and establish the terms and conditions of employment for seafarers under the MLC 2006. How do CBAs contribute to ensuring fair wages, working conditions, and dispute resolution for seafarers? (10)