Exam Question

Briefly discuss the following with respect to safety of navigation:

(a) Bridge Navigation Watchkeeping Alarm System (BNWAS) (5)

(b) Long Range Identification and Tracking of ships (LRIT) (5)

(c) Voyage Simplified Voyage Recorder (VDR/S-VDR) (5)

(d) AIS-SART (5)