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Class 1 (Chief Engineer) Engineering Management 📅 Sep 2022

Exam Question

(a) Define "Pollution of the marine environment" as per UNCLOS 1982

(b) How does a flag state protect marine environment through preventive and punitive regulations

(c) Refer to relavant parts of MSA 1958 and state the provisions legislating compliance with these by india as a flag state and as a coastal state.

Reference Answer

### (a) Definition of "Pollution of the marine environment" as per UNCLOS 1982
As per the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982, Article 1, Paragraph 1(4), "Pollution of the marine environment" is defined as:
"The introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, which results or is likely to result in such deleterious effects as:
* Harm to living resources and marine life,

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