Exam Question

### Background and Relevance of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001 (Bunker Convention)
The International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001 (Bunker Convention) was adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to establish a comprehensive international liability and compensation regime for pollution damage caused by the escape or discharge of bunker oil from ships.
**Background:**
Prior to this convention, a significant regulatory gap existed in international maritime law. While the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992 (CLC-92) and the Fund Convention addressed pollution from oil tankers carrying persistent oil as cargo, there was no uniform international system to cover spills of bunker fuel from non-tanker vessels. This led to significant challenges for states and individuals seeking compensation.