Exam Question

### Background and Relevance of the Bunker Convention, 2001
The International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001 (Bunker Convention) was established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to create a uniform international legal framework for addressing pollution incidents caused by the escape or discharge of ships' bunker oil.
**Background:**
Prior to this convention, a significant regulatory gap existed. While conventions like the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992 (CLC '92) and the Fund Convention provided a robust regime for pollution caused by oil tankers (concerning their persistent oil cargo and bunkers), there was no equivalent international system for damage caused by bunker oil spills from non-tanker vessels (e.g., container ships, bulk carriers, passenger ships).