Exam Question

(a) Describe with a simple sketch the arrangement of exhaust and air inlet passages in a medium speed four-stroke engine cylinder head. (5)

(b) With reference to (a) indicate where cracking might be expected stating the likely cause. (3)

(c) Explain the different factors that tend to cause distortion of four stroke cylinder heads. (3)

(d) Explain how the effects described in (c) are minimized by design. (5)