Class 1 (Chief Engineer) Engineering Management 📅 Aug 2025

Exam Question

(a) Discuss the application of formal safety assessment in carriage of lithium battery in vehicles and containers and in RORO ships. (10)

(b) State various measures to be taken by stakeholders in minimizing the incidents in the above instance. (6)

Reference Answer

### (a) Application of Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) in the Carriage of Lithium Batteries
Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) is a structured and systematic methodology, championed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), aimed at enhancing maritime safety. It involves the evaluation of risks and the assessment of new regulations to mitigate them. Its application is critically important for the carriage of lithium batteries, particularly in Electric Vehicles (EVs) and containers on Roll-on/Roll-off (RORO) ships, due to the unique and severe hazards these batteries present.
The FSA process is applied through five distinct steps:
**Step 1: Hazard Identification**

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