Class 1 (Chief Engineer) Engineering Management 📅 Sep 2025

Exam Question

(a) Discuss the broad overview of the relevant IMO, ILO regimes relating to the Human Element in the maritime industry such as maritime labour and welfare.

(b) Discuss the IMO guidance on Fatigue Mitigation and Management on board ships.

Reference Answer

### (a) IMO & ILO Regimes on the Human Element, Labour, and Welfare
The Human Element is recognized as a primary causal factor in over 80% of maritime incidents. To address this, two principal United Nations agencies, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO), have established comprehensive regulatory regimes. These regimes work in tandem: the IMO focuses on operational safety and seafarer competency, while the ILO focuses on labour rights and welfare.
#### 1. International Maritime Organization (IMO)
The IMO's primary instrument addressing the human element from a competency and safety perspective is the **International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), 1978, as amended.**

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