Class 2 (2nd Engineer) SC&S 📅 Mar 2025

Exam Question

(a) Explain the six types of ship motions along different axes. Discuss the causes of these motions and their impact on the vessel's stability and performance. (8)

(b) Discuss the methods employed to reduce these motions and enhance the vessel's stability and comfort. (8)

Reference Answer

### Part (a): Ship Motions, Causes, and Impacts
A ship freely floating in the sea is subject to movement in six degrees of freedom, which can be categorized into three translational (linear) motions and three rotational (angular) motions. These motions are primarily caused by the external forces exerted by waves, wind, and rudder action.
#### **Translational Motions**
**1. Surge (Longitudinal Translation)**

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