Exam Question

(a) Meaning of power factor correction:
Power factor correction refers to the process of improving the power factor of an electrical system to bring it closer to unity (1 or 100%). It involves reducing the phase difference between voltage and current, which is caused by inductive loads like motors, transformers, and fluorescent lighting. These loads consume reactive power, leading to a lagging power factor. By adding components like capacitors , synchronous condensers , or phase advancers , reactive power is compensated, and the power factor is improved.
In practical terms, power factor correction aims to minimize the inefficiencies in the electrical system, reduce energy losses, and ensure optimal utilization of the power supplied by the generator or grid.
(b) Advantages of Power Factor Correction