Class 1 (Chief Engineer) Engineering Management 📅 Dec 2021

Exam Question

Guidelines on Maritime Cyber Risk Management are laid down in MSC-FAL. 1/Circ. 3. Considering these guidelines elaborate following:

(a) Name all the onboard systems which are prone for cyber risks due to vulnerabilities created by accessing, interconnecting or networking of such systems.

(b) Explain the Elements of Cyber risk management.

(c) With regard to Resolution MSC.428(98) on cyber risk management, what requirement is made mandatory for shipping companics (company holding Document of Compliance). Specify since when this requirement is enforced.

Reference Answer

### (a) Onboard Systems Prone to Cyber Risks
As per IMO guidelines, cyber risks arise from the integration and networking of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) systems. The following onboard systems are particularly vulnerable:
* **Bridge & Navigation Systems:** These are critical for the safe navigation of the vessel. Vulnerabilities can lead to catastrophic failures.
* **ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System):** Susceptible to malware via unsecured USB ports during chart updates, or network-based attacks corrupting chart data.

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