Class 1 (Chief Engineer) Engineering Management 📅 Mar 2023

Exam Question

(a) One of the objectives of UNCLOS is the protection of the marine environment and the prevention of pollution. Define pollution as per UNCLOS and discuss the key features of obligations of coastal states in this regard. (8)

(b) State the 3 main tiers of the oil pollution damage compensation conventions of the IMO. In each case elaborate on who is responsible for the payment of compensation. Also, state the source of funds as well as the certification required by the ship under each tier. (8)

Reference Answer

### (a) UNCLOS Definition of Pollution and Obligations of Coastal States
#### Definition of Pollution as per UNCLOS
According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), "pollution of the marine environment" is defined as the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, which results or is likely to result in such deleterious effects as:
* **Harm to Living Resources and Marine Life:** Including damage to flora, fauna, and their habitats.

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