Class 4 (4th Engineer) SC&S 📅 Jul 2022

Exam Question

Define (aided by sketch)

(i) density (2)

(ii) relative density (2)

(iii) ullage (2)

(b) A rectangular tank is 20m x 20m x 12m (LXBXH). Find how many tonnes of oil of RD 0.8 it can hold, if 2% of the volume of the tank is to be left empty. State also, the ullage on loading. (10)

Reference Answer

### (a) Definitions
#### (i) Density (ρ)
Density is an intrinsic property of a substance defined as its mass per unit volume. It quantifies how much matter is packed into a given space.
* **Concept**: For a homogeneous substance, density is constant throughout. For heterogeneous substances, it can vary. In marine applications, the density of fuels, lube oils, and water is a critical parameter for quantity calculations (mass from volume) and purification processes.

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