Exam Question
Explain the following:
(i) Atomic Structure of Semiconductors (4)
(ii) Covalent bonding in semiconductors (4)
(iii) PN Junction diode (4)
(iv) Diode Equation (4)
Class 4 (4th Engineer)
MET
📅 Nov 2022
Reference Answer
### (i) Atomic Structure of Semiconductors
A semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. Silicon (Si) is the most common semiconductor material.
* **Atomic Core:** Each silicon atom consists of a central nucleus containing 14 protons (positive charge) and neutrons (no charge).
* **Electron Shells:** The nucleus is surrounded by 14 electrons (negative charge) arranged in specific energy shells or orbits. For Silicon, the configuration is 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second, and 4 in the outermost or valence shell.
A semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. Silicon (Si) is the most common semiconductor material.
* **Atomic Core:** Each silicon atom consists of a central nucleus containing 14 protons (positive charge) and neutrons (no charge).
* **Electron Shells:** The nucleus is surrounded by 14 electrons (negative charge) arranged in specific energy shells or orbits. For Silicon, the configuration is 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second, and 4 in the outermost or valence shell.
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