Class 4 (4th Engineer) SSEP 📅 Apr 2025

Exam Question

(a) Explain why bunkering is considered a hazardous operation? What type of casualty can occur during bunkering? Discuss the implications of such incidents, if so happens. (10)

(b) Name the bunkering procedure to be followed:

(i) In preparation of receiving bunkers, (4)

(ii) While receiving bunkers, and (3)

(iii) On completion of bunkering (3)

Reference Answer

### (a) Bunkering Hazards, Casualties, and Implications
Bunkering, the process of receiving fuel oil onboard a ship, is considered a hazardous operation due to the inherent risks associated with transferring large quantities of flammable and polluting liquids, often between two floating vessels. The primary hazards can be categorized as follows:
**1. Environmental Hazard (Pollution):**
* **Risk of Oil Spills:** As identified in MARPOL Annex I, this is the most significant environmental risk. A failure in the transfer system (e.g., burst hose, leaking manifold connection) or human error (e.g., tank overflow) can lead to a major oil spill.

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