Class 4 (4th Engineer) MET 📅 Sep 2025

Exam Question

(a) Explain the principle of conservation of charge and its relationship to Kirchoff's laws. (6)

(b) The open-circuit voltage of a cell as measured by a voltmeter of 100 ohm resistance, was 1.5 V, and the p.d. when supplying current to a 10 ohm resistance was 1.25 V, measured by the same voltmeter. Determine the e.m.f and internal resistance of the cell. (10)

Reference Answer

### Part (a): Conservation of Charge and Kirchhoff's Laws
**(i) Principle of Conservation of Charge**
This is a fundamental principle of physics which states that the net electric charge of an isolated system remains constant over time. Charge cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred from one object to another or move within a system. The algebraic sum of all electric charges in any closed system is constant.
**(ii) Kirchhoff's Laws**

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