Class 4 (4th Engineer) SC&S 📅 Jul 2025

Exam Question

(a) Describe the provisions of additional structural strength to withstand pounding. (6)

(b) A vessel trawling at 17 knots turns with a radius of 450 m. When the rudder is put hard over. The centre of gravity is 7 m above the keel and the transverse metacentre 7.45 m above the keel and the centre of buoyancy 3 m above the keel. If the centripetal force is assumed to act at the centre of buoyancy, calculate the angle of heel when turning. The rudder force may be ignored. (10)

Reference Answer

### (a) Provisions for Additional Structural Strength to Withstand Pounding (6 Marks)
#### 1. Definition and Cause of Pounding
Pounding, also known as slamming, is a series of heavy, localized impacts on the hull bottom when the forward part of the ship, particularly the bow, emerges from the water in heavy seas and re-enters with significant force. This phenomenon is most severe under the following conditions:
- **Vessel Condition:** Lightly loaded or ballast condition, where the forward draught is reduced.

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