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Class 4 (4th Engineer) MET 📅 Apr 2025

Exam Question

(a) State the relationship between impedance, voltage and current. (6) 

(b) The filament of a 230V lamp takes a current of 0.261A when working at its normal temperature of 2000° C. The temperature coefficient of the tungsten filament material can be taken as 0.005 /°C at 0°C. Find the approximate current which flows at the instant of switching on the supply to the cold lamp, which can be considered to be at a room temperature of 20° C. (10) 

Reference Answer

### Part (a): Relationship Between Impedance, Voltage, and Current
**1. Definition of Impedance (Z):**
Impedance is the total opposition that a circuit presents to the flow of alternating current (AC) at a particular frequency. It is a complex quantity that extends the concept of resistance to AC circuits, accounting for the effects of both resistance and reactance.
* **Resistance (R):** The component of impedance that causes energy dissipation in the form of heat. It is the real part of impedance.

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