Exam Question

### (a) Effects of Running an Induction Motor on Reduced Voltage
Running an induction motor on a voltage lower than its rated value significantly impacts its performance and operational characteristics. These effects are critical for marine engineers to understand to prevent damage and ensure efficient operation.
* **Reduced Starting and Maximum Torque:**
* **Effect:** The torque developed by an induction motor is approximately proportional to the square of the applied voltage ($$ T \propto V^2 $$). Consequently, a reduction in voltage leads to a substantial decrease in both starting torque and maximum (pull-out) torque. For example, a 10% reduction in voltage can result in approximately a 19% reduction in torque.