Class 4 (4th Engineer) MET 📅 Jan 2025

Exam Question

(a) Explain the principle of conservation of charge and its relationship to Kirchoff's laws. (6)

(b) The open-circuit voltage of a cell as measured by a voltmeter of 100 ohm resistance, was 1.5 V, and the p.d. when supplying current to a 10 ohm resistance was 1.25 V, measured by the same voltmeter. Determine the e.m.f and internal resistance of the cell. (10)

Reference Answer

## (a) Principle of Conservation of Charge and its Relationship to Kirchhoff's Laws
### Principle of Conservation of Charge
The principle of conservation of charge is a fundamental law in physics, stating that electric charge can neither be created nor destroyed. In an isolated system, the total amount of electric charge remains constant. Charge can only be transferred from one object or location to another. This means that if a certain amount of positive charge appears in one place, an equal amount of negative charge must simultaneously appear elsewhere, or an equal amount of positive charge must disappear from another location. This principle is crucial for understanding all electrical phenomena, as it dictates how charge carriers (electrons or ions) behave within circuits and materials.
### Relationship to Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)

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