Exam Question
(a) Explain the structural arrangement forward and aft to withstand panting and pounding. (7)
(b) Define the terms, how these occur;
(i) Define bottom slamming and (3)
(ii) flare slamming, (3)
(iii) effects on container vessels. (3)
Class 4 (4th Engineer)
SC&S
📅 Jul 2022
Reference Answer
### (a) Structural Arrangements to Withstand Panting and Pounding
**1. Panting**
Panting refers to the cyclical, 'in-and-out' movement of the shell plating at the ends of the vessel, particularly the bow, caused by fluctuating hydrostatic pressure as the ship moves through waves. This stress is most pronounced in the forward 15-20% of the ship's length.
**Structural Arrangements (Forward):**
**1. Panting**
Panting refers to the cyclical, 'in-and-out' movement of the shell plating at the ends of the vessel, particularly the bow, caused by fluctuating hydrostatic pressure as the ship moves through waves. This stress is most pronounced in the forward 15-20% of the ship's length.
**Structural Arrangements (Forward):**
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