Class 4 (4th Engineer) SSEP 📅 Oct 2025

Exam Question

(a) Explain why bunkering is considered a hazardous operation? What type of casualty can occur during bunkering? Discuss the implications of such incidents, if so happens. (10)

(b) Name the bunkering procedure to be followed:

(i) in the preparation of receiving tank. (4)

(ii) during bunkering operation and (3)

(iii) on completion of bunkering. (3)

Reference Answer

### (a) Hazards, Casualties, and Implications of Bunkering
Bunkering is deemed a critical and hazardous operation due to the confluence of high-risk factors involving large volumes of flammable, polluting liquids transferred between two vessels, often in close quarters within port limits. The potential consequences of an error are severe, attracting intense regulatory scrutiny.
**1. Reasons Why Bunkering is Hazardous:**
* **Pollution Risk (Primary Hazard):** The transfer involves large quantities of persistent oils. A spill from a tank overflow, pipeline rupture, or hose failure can cause extensive and lasting environmental damage, violating MARPOL Annex I.

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