Class 4 (4th Engineer) SSEP 📅 Dec 2023

Exam Question

(a) Explain why bunkering is considered a hazardous operation? What type of casualty can occur during bunkering? Discuss the implications of such incidents, if so happens. (10)

(b) Name the bunkering procedure to be followed:

(i) in preparation of receiving bunkers (4)

(ii) while receiving bunkers, and (3)

(iii) on completion of bunkering (3)

Reference Answer

### (a) Hazards, Casualties, and Implications of Bunkering
Bunkering is correctly identified as a critical and hazardous operation due to the convergence of several high-risk factors. A failure during this routine procedure can escalate into a major casualty with severe consequences.
**1. Reasons Why Bunkering is Considered Hazardous:**
* **Pollution Risk**: This is the most significant hazard. The operation involves the transfer of large volumes of persistent oils, often at high flow rates and pressures. Any failure in the system (e.g., hose burst, gasket failure) or human error (e.g., tank overflow) can lead to a major oil spill, violating **MARPOL Annex I** and causing extensive environmental damage.

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