Class 4 (4th Engineer) SC&S 📅 Jul 2023

Exam Question

(a) Explain with the aid of a simple sketch Ullage and Sounding of a tank. (6)

(b) A deep tank 10 m wide and 10 m deep has a rectangular manhole of 1.2 m X 0.6 m at the forward end. The longer sides of the manhole are horizontal and its lower edge is 0.7 m from the bottom of the tank. Find the thrust experienced by the manhole cover when the tank has oil of RD 0.8 to an ullage of 1 m (10)

Reference Answer

### Part (a): Ullage and Sounding of a Tank
#### 1. Definitions and Principles
* **Sounding (or Dip):** This is the direct measurement of the liquid level in a tank. It is the vertical distance from a reference point, typically the tank bottom or a designated striking plate, up to the surface of the liquid. The measurement is taken using a weighted sounding tape lowered down a sounding pipe.
* **Ullage:** This is the indirect measurement of the liquid level. It is the vertical distance from a reference point at the top of the tank (ullage port) down to the surface of the liquid. It represents the empty or void space remaining in the tank.

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