Exam Question
(a) How SOx is formed on ships? (8)
(b) What are the causes and effects of SOx emissions (8)
(c) State the regulation governing limits of SOx generation (4)
Class 4 (4th Engineer)
SSEP
📅 Sep 2023
Reference Answer
### (a) Formation of SOx on Ships
Sulphur Oxides (SOx) are formed during the combustion process in marine diesel engines and boilers that utilize sulphur-containing fuels, primarily Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) and Marine Diesel Oil (MDO).
1. **Source of Sulphur**: Marine fuels are distillates of crude oil and naturally contain sulphur compounds. The concentration of sulphur varies significantly depending on the crude source and refining process.
2. **Primary Combustion Reaction**: During combustion, the sulphur (S) present in the fuel oxidizes by reacting with the excess oxygen (O2) in the combustion chamber at high temperatures. This reaction primarily forms Sulphur Dioxide (SO2).
Sulphur Oxides (SOx) are formed during the combustion process in marine diesel engines and boilers that utilize sulphur-containing fuels, primarily Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) and Marine Diesel Oil (MDO).
1. **Source of Sulphur**: Marine fuels are distillates of crude oil and naturally contain sulphur compounds. The concentration of sulphur varies significantly depending on the crude source and refining process.
2. **Primary Combustion Reaction**: During combustion, the sulphur (S) present in the fuel oxidizes by reacting with the excess oxygen (O2) in the combustion chamber at high temperatures. This reaction primarily forms Sulphur Dioxide (SO2).
Full answer on MeoMock — surveyor-grade reference answers for 7,000+ written exam questions.
Prepare on Android — MeoMock on Google Play