Class 4 (4th Engineer) SC&S 📅 Sep 2024

Exam Question

(a) Sketch a semi balanced rudder showing: (10)

(i) A detail of the hinges or pintels about which rudder turns.

(ii) Details of the rudder carrier bearing, which supports the weight of the rudderstock and rudder.

(b) State advantages of semi balanced rudder over an unbalanced rudder. (3)

(c) What acts as "rudder stops"? What is their purpose and at what angle from mid position would you expect the rudder stops to be set. (3)

Reference Answer

### (a) Sketch of a Semi-Balanced Rudder and Components
A semi-balanced rudder is designed such that a portion of the rudder blade area (typically 20-25%) is positioned forward of the turning axis (centerline of the rudder stock). When the rudder is turned, the hydrodynamic pressure acting on this forward portion creates a torque that partially counteracts the torque from the main aft portion, thus reducing the overall effort required from the steering gear.
**(i) Detail of the Hinges or Pintles**
The rudder is attached to the ship's stern frame via pintles and gudgeons, which act as the hinges.

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