Exam Question

### (a) Sketch the arrangement of rudder stock, bearings, glands and method of suspension of a pintleless rudder, labeling the components parts
#### Concept of a Pintleless Rudder
A pintleless rudder, commonly known as a 'spade rudder,' is a balanced rudder type that is supported entirely from its upper end by the rudder stock, which penetrates the hull. Unlike traditional rudders, it lacks a lower pintle or heel bearing, making it a cantilevered design. This design simplifies the stern hull form, reduces drag, and generally requires less underwater maintenance but places significant demands on the rudder stock and its supporting bearings to transmit all forces (weight, radial, and thrust) to the ship's structure.
#### Arrangement and Components