Exam Question

### (a) Sketch the arrangement of rudder stock, bearings, glands and method of suspension of a pintleless rudder, labeling the components parts.
A pintleless rudder, also known as a spade rudder, is a type of rudder that does not rely on pintles and gudgeons for its support at the bottom. Instead, the entire weight and all forces acting on the rudder blade are transmitted through a single, robust rudder stock. This stock is supported by an upper (carrier) bearing that carries the vertical thrust (weight) and a lower (guide) bearing that resists radial forces (side thrust). The arrangement ensures robust support and allows for efficient maintenance as the rudder can often be removed or maintained without needing to disconnect it from pintles below.
**Components and their Arrangement:**
* **Rudder Blade:**