Exam Question
(a) What is free surface effect (4)
(b) Explain the methods used to reduce the free surface effect in ship construction and while operating the ship (12)
Class 4 (4th Engineer)
SC&S
📅 May 2023
Reference Answer
### (a) What is Free Surface Effect (4 Marks)
**1. Definition:**
The Free Surface Effect (FSE) is a phenomenon that occurs in any partially filled tank or compartment (a 'slack' tank) on a vessel. When the vessel inclines due to external forces (wind, waves), the liquid in the slack tank, under the influence of gravity, will move to the lower side, ensuring its surface remains horizontal.
**2. Effect on Centre of Gravity and Stability:**
**1. Definition:**
The Free Surface Effect (FSE) is a phenomenon that occurs in any partially filled tank or compartment (a 'slack' tank) on a vessel. When the vessel inclines due to external forces (wind, waves), the liquid in the slack tank, under the influence of gravity, will move to the lower side, ensuring its surface remains horizontal.
**2. Effect on Centre of Gravity and Stability:**
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