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Class 4 (4th Engineer) MET 📅 Oct 2022

Exam Question

(a) What is meant by the term 'back e.m.f' as applied to an electric motor? (6)

(b) A 40kW, 220V shunt motor has a full-load efficiency of 90 per cent, an armature resistance of 0.075 ohms and a shunt-field resistance of 55 ohms. When 'at starting', the starter handle is moved onto the first stud, it is desired to limit the current, through the armature to 1.5 times the value which it has when the motor is on full load. What must be the total value of the starting resistance? If, on overload, the speed falls to 90 per cent of its normal full-load value, what would be the armature current? Neglect the effect of armature reaction. (10)

Reference Answer

### (a) What is meant by the term 'back e.m.f' as applied to an electric motor?
**Back Electromotive Force (back EMF or counter EMF)** is a fundamental concept in the operation of direct current (DC) motors. It represents a voltage generated within the armature conductors of a rotating motor, which acts in opposition to the externally applied voltage driving the motor. Essentially, the motor functions as a generator while it is operating, and the EMF it generates opposes the supply.
* **Definition and Origin:**
* When the armature of a DC motor rotates within the stationary magnetic field produced by the field windings (or permanent magnets), its conductors cut across these magnetic flux lines.

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