Class 4 (4th Engineer) MEKG 📅 Jun 2023

Exam Question

(a) Which elements present in the heavy fuel oil, (fossil fuel) used in Marine diesel engine, results in the formation of SOX, H2S04 and CO2 upon combustion. Discuss their effects on the environment, post combustion. (10)

(b) What is understood by 'NOX' & how it is produced? State the temperature at which it is formed. (6)

Reference Answer

### (a) Formation and Effects of SOx, H2SO4, and CO2 (10 Marks)
**1. Elements in Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Responsible for Emissions:**
* **Sulfur (S):** A naturally occurring impurity in crude oil that remains concentrated in HFO. It is the sole element responsible for the formation of Sulfur Oxides (SOx) and subsequently Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4).
* **Carbon (C):** The primary constituent of hydrocarbon fuels. Its combustion is responsible for the formation of Carbon Dioxide (CO2).

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