Exam Question
(a) Write short notes on Panting, Pounding, Racking. (6)
(b) Explain with the aid of simple sketches hogging and sagging of a vessel. (10)
Class 4 (4th Engineer)
SC&S
📅 Sep 2023
Reference Answer
### (a) Short Notes on Ship Stresses
#### 1. Panting
Panting refers to the respiratory-like, in-and-out movement of the shell plating at the bow and stern of a vessel. This phenomenon is caused by the fluctuating water pressure as the ship advances through waves.
* **Cause**: As the vessel pitches and encounters waves, the region around the bow experiences rapid and repeated changes in hydrostatic pressure. When a wave crest passes, pressure increases, pushing the plates inward. In a trough, the pressure decreases, allowing the plates to flex outward.
#### 1. Panting
Panting refers to the respiratory-like, in-and-out movement of the shell plating at the bow and stern of a vessel. This phenomenon is caused by the fluctuating water pressure as the ship advances through waves.
* **Cause**: As the vessel pitches and encounters waves, the region around the bow experiences rapid and repeated changes in hydrostatic pressure. When a wave crest passes, pressure increases, pushing the plates inward. In a trough, the pressure decreases, allowing the plates to flex outward.
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