Exam Question
(a) Write short notes on Panting, Pounding, Racking. (8)
(b) Explain with the aid of simple sketches hogging and sagging of a vessel. (8)
Class 4 (4th Engineer)
SC&S
📅 Oct 2024
Reference Answer
### (a) Short Notes on Panting, Pounding, Racking
#### 1. Panting
**Concept:**
Panting is the repetitive in-and-out flexing of the shell plating at the bow of the ship, analogous to heavy breathing. This phenomenon is caused by the fluctuating hydrostatic pressure exerted on the hull as the vessel moves through waves. When the bow encounters a wave crest, the external water pressure increases, pushing the plating inwards. Conversely, in a trough, the pressure decreases, allowing the plating to flex outwards. This cyclical stress can lead to fatigue failure if not properly reinforced.
#### 1. Panting
**Concept:**
Panting is the repetitive in-and-out flexing of the shell plating at the bow of the ship, analogous to heavy breathing. This phenomenon is caused by the fluctuating hydrostatic pressure exerted on the hull as the vessel moves through waves. When the bow encounters a wave crest, the external water pressure increases, pushing the plating inwards. Conversely, in a trough, the pressure decreases, allowing the plating to flex outwards. This cyclical stress can lead to fatigue failure if not properly reinforced.
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