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Class 4 (4th Engineer) MEKG 📅 Aug 2022

Exam Question

Reverse osmosis is the contemporary alternative for shipboard production of drinking water.

(a) Describe using simple diagrams where necessary, the principle of:

(i) Osmosis (3)

(ii) Reverse osmosis (3)

(b) (i) Sketch a line diagram showing a single pass system for producing fresh water from seawater (4)

(ii) Describe such a system (4)

(iii) State the safety features that may be incorporated into the plant (2)

Exam question diagram

Reference Answer

### (a) Principle of Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis
#### (i) Osmosis (3 Marks)
Osmosis is a naturally occurring physical process involving the movement of a solvent across a semi-permeable membrane. For a full-mark answer, the following points must be detailed:
* **Definition**: Osmosis is the net movement of solvent molecules (e.g., pure water) from a region of higher solvent potential (lower solute concentration) to a region of lower solvent potential (higher solute concentration).

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