Class 4 (4th Engineer) MEKG 📅 Sep 2022

Exam Question

With reference to electric arc welding

(a) Draw a labeled sectional sketch of a satisfactory butt weld. (5)

(b) Briefly define the following defects that may occur and how they may have been caused

(i) Under cut (1)

(ii) Splatter (1)

(iii) Inclusion (1)

(iv) Blow hole (1)

(v) Incomplete root penetration (1)

(vi) Lack of fusion (1)

Reference Answer

### (a) Labeled Sectional Sketch of a Satisfactory Butt Weld
A satisfactory single V-butt weld, when viewed in cross-section, demonstrates complete fusion, proper reinforcement, and freedom from defects. The sketch should clearly illustrate the following key features:
* **Parent Metal (or Base Metal):** The original plates being joined.
* **Heat Affected Zone (HAZ):** The area of the parent metal whose microstructure and properties have been altered by the heat of welding, but has not been melted.

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