Exam Question

### (a) Bunkering Arrangements with Safety Fittings
A ship's heavy fuel oil (HFO) bunkering arrangement is a dedicated system designed for the safe and efficient transfer of fuel from a bunker barge or shore terminal to the vessel's storage tanks. It is engineered with multiple safety fittings to prevent spills, over-pressurization, and fire hazards.
* **Bunker Manifold:** This is the primary connection point, typically located on the port and starboard sides. It comprises:
* **Valves:** A main reception valve (usually butterfly or gate type) for each connection, made of cast steel to withstand pressure and temperature.