Class 4 (4th Engineer) MEKG 📅 Sep 2023

Exam Question

Write short notes on the following pertaining to the use of copper alloys in seawater systems:

(a) Use of copper nickel and formation of protective film for use in seawater. (4)

(b) Cavitation (4)

(d) Marine biofouling. (4)

Reference Answer

### (a) Use of Copper Nickel and Formation of Protective Film
**1. Application and Properties:**
Copper-nickel (Cu-Ni) alloys, typically 90/10 and 70/30 compositions, are specifically engineered for marine applications due to their superior performance in seawater environments. Their primary use is in seawater piping systems, heat exchangers (coolers and condensers), and hydraulic tubing. This suitability stems from their inherent resistance to both seawater corrosion and marine biofouling.
**2. Protective Film Formation Mechanism:**

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