Class 2 (2nd Engineer) MEKG 📅 Jul 2025

Exam Question

Reverse osmosis is the modern alternative for shipboard production of drinking water.

(a) Describe using simple diagrams if necessary, the principle of reverse osmosis. (8)

(b) Sketch a line diagram showing a single pass system for producing fresh water from seawater and describe the system. (8)

Reference Answer

### (a) Principle of Reverse Osmosis (8 Marks)
Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a pressure-driven membrane separation process used to purify water by removing dissolved salts, minerals, and other impurities. Its principle is best understood by first defining natural osmosis.
**1. Osmosis**
* **Definition**: Osmosis is a natural phenomenon where a solvent, such as water, spontaneously moves from an area of low solute concentration (pure water) to an area of high solute concentration (salty water) across a semi-permeable membrane.

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