Exam Question

(a) State why onboard testing of fuel oil whilst taking bunkers can be advantageous. (4)

(b) State how a representative fuel sample may be obtained during the bunkering operation. (4)

(c) Explain how EACH of the following is formed during the combustion of fuel: (4)

(i) Oxides of Nitrogen, NOx

(ii) Carbon Monoxide, CO

(iii) Oxides of Sulphur, SOx

(d) State how the effects of sulphurous products of combustion on the engine system may be reduced (4)