Class 1 (Chief Engineer) Engineering Management 📅 Dec 2023

Exam Question

(a) The "Lakshadweep Islands" and the "Andaman and Nicobar Islands" are known for their critical habitat and required to be protected from Marine Pollution. Describe briefly how these islands could be protected from marine pollution. (8)

(b) Briefly explain the term "Particularly Sensitive Sea Area". Describe briefly the various criteria associated for identification and designation of a PSSA. (8)

Reference Answer

### Part (a): Protection of Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar Islands from Marine Pollution
The Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar Islands are ecologically fragile and possess rich marine biodiversity, including extensive coral reef systems, mangroves, and critical habitats for endangered species. Their protection from marine pollution requires a multi-pronged strategy encompassing international regulations, national enforcement, and local participation.
**1. Strict Implementation and Enforcement of MARPOL Convention:**
* **Annex I (Oil Pollution):** Mandatory use of Oil Filtering Equipment (OFE) and Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control Systems (ODMCS). Enforcing the zero-discharge policy for oily mixtures within 12 nautical miles and particularly within the sensitive archipelagic waters. Ensuring availability and use of Port Reception Facilities for oily waste.

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