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Class 1 (Chief Engineer) Engineering Management 📅 Mar 2025

Exam Question

What are the perils of the sea which are covered in a Marine Insurance contract? What can an insured do to cover a peril other than an insured peril of the sea? Explain with examples. Also, enumerate the perils which are covered under a marine insurance contract, but the onus of proof is upon the insurers to prove the assured's want of "due diligence" to avoid the claim.

Reference Answer

### Introduction to Marine Insurance Perils
A marine insurance contract is designed to protect the assured against fortuitous accidents or casualties of the seas, rather than the ordinary and expected actions of wind and waves. The distinction is critical: a peril must be accidental and unforeseen. The policy delineates specific covered events, known as 'insured perils'.
### Part 1: Perils of the Sea Covered in a Marine Insurance Contract
Standard marine insurance policies, such as those based on the Institute Cargo Clauses or Institute Time Clauses (Hulls), typically cover the following perils of the sea. These are losses proximately caused by fortuitous events directly related to the maritime environment.

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