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Class 1 (Chief Engineer) Engineering Management 📅 Nov 2023

Exam Question

(a) What is bill of lading? (4)

(b) What precautions are to be observed before signing a B/L under voyage charter and time charter? (4)

(c) Differentiate the salient considerations taken during on-hire Survey of a ship under (4)

(i) Bare-boat charter

(ii) Voyage charter and

(iii) Time charter.

(d) As a Chief Engineer onboard, explain with reasons, which of the above three surveys is the most demanding and exhaustive? (4)

Reference Answer

### (a) What is a Bill of Lading (B/L)?
A Bill of Lading (B/L) is a critical legal document issued by the carrier (or the Master on the carrier's behalf) to the shipper. It serves as a formal acknowledgement that specified goods have been received on board a vessel for carriage to a designated destination.
According to the Hamburg Rules, a B/L is defined as a document that evidences a contract of carriage by sea and the taking over or loading of the goods by the carrier. Through this document, the carrier undertakes to deliver the goods against its surrender.
The three primary functions of a Bill of Lading are:

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