Class 1 (Chief Engineer) Engineering Management 📅 Oct 2023

Exam Question

(a) What is LLMC and what is its purpose? Which are the two heads of claims for which limitation is stated in this Convention? Who can limit liability under this convention? (8)

(b) Explain the terms: Plaintiff, Defendant, Privity and Unlimited liability. (8)

Reference Answer

### Part (a): LLMC - Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims
#### 1. What is LLMC and its Purpose?
The **LLMC** stands for the **International Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976**, and its subsequent protocols (e.g., 1996 Protocol which significantly increased the limits). It is an International Maritime Organization (IMO) treaty designed to establish a globally uniform and virtually unbreakable system for shipowners and other specified parties to limit their financial liability in the event of a maritime incident.
**Purpose:**

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