Exam Question
With reference to marine insurance, write short notes on the following:
(a) Port of refuge
(b) Particular average and General average
(c) Total loss and constructive loss
Class 1 (Chief Engineer)
Engineering Management
📅 Jan 2022
Reference Answer
### (a) Port of Refuge
A Port of Refuge is a port or place, not on the vessel's scheduled itinerary, to which a ship diverts when its Master deems it unsafe to continue the voyage due to a peril that threatens the safety of the common maritime adventure (ship, crew, and cargo).
**Key Characteristics and Implications:**
* **Justifiable Deviation:** The decision to divert must be made in good faith and be reasonable in the face of a real and substantial peril. A justifiable deviation to a Port of Refuge does not breach the contract of carriage.
A Port of Refuge is a port or place, not on the vessel's scheduled itinerary, to which a ship diverts when its Master deems it unsafe to continue the voyage due to a peril that threatens the safety of the common maritime adventure (ship, crew, and cargo).
**Key Characteristics and Implications:**
* **Justifiable Deviation:** The decision to divert must be made in good faith and be reasonable in the face of a real and substantial peril. A justifiable deviation to a Port of Refuge does not breach the contract of carriage.
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