Exam Question

With regard to Ballast Water Management Convention explain following

(a) Ballast water exchange standard (4)

(b) Ballast water Performance standard (4)

(c) Treatment methods for ballast water (4)

(d) Approval methods for treatment system using active and non-active substances (4)

(e) What are the marine pollution problems related to port development such as ballast water, dredging and spills (4)