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Class 2 (2nd Engineer) SC&S 📅 Jan 2023

Exam Question

With respect to trim and stability, describe the following

(a) Effects on centre of gravity of slack tanks

(b) Effect on stability of ice formation on superstructure

(c) Effects of wind and waves on ship's stability

(d) Effect of water absorption by deck cargo and retention of water on deck.

Reference Answer

(b) Ice formation on superstructure:
Ice accumulating on the superstructure adds mass high up on the ship. This raises the centre of gravity (G), decreasing the metacentric height (GM). A lower GM reduces stability, making the ship more tender (more easily rolled) and increasing the period of roll. The ship becomes more susceptible to capsizing.
(c) Effect of Wind and Waves
Wind:

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